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・ 1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
・ 1890 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
・ 1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
・ 1890 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
・ 1888–89 St. Mary's F.C. season
・ 1888–89 Stoke F.C. season
・ 1888–89 Welsh Cup
・ 1888–89 West Bromwich Albion F.C. season
・ 1888–89 Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. season
・ 1889
・ 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
・ 1889 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final
・ 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship
・ 1889 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final
・ 1889 American Cup
1889 Apia cyclone
・ 1889 Atlantic hurricane season
・ 1889 Baltimore Orioles season
・ 1889 Bashkale clash
・ 1889 Boston Beaneaters season
・ 1889 Brooklyn Bridegrooms season
・ 1889 Chicago White Stockings season
・ 1889 Cincinnati Red Stockings season
・ 1889 Cleveland Spiders season
・ 1889 College Football All-America Team
・ 1889 college football season
・ 1889 Columbus Solons season
・ 1889 Dartmouth football team
・ 1889 English cricket season
・ 1889 FA Cup Final


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1889 Apia cyclone : ウィキペディア英語版
1889 Apia cyclone

The 1889 Apia cyclone was a Pacific tropical cyclone, which swept across Apia, Samoa on March 15, 1889 during the Samoan crisis. The effect on shipping in the harbour was devastating, largely because of what has been described as 'an error of judgement that will forever remain a paradox in human psychology'.〔Regan, Geoffrey, Naval Blunders〕
==The growing storm==

Events ashore had led to upheaval in the Pacific nations and colonies. Both the United States and Imperial Germany saw this as a potential opportunity to expand their holdings in the Pacific through gunboat diplomacy. In order to be ready should such an opportunity arise, both nations had dispatched squadrons to the town to investigate the situation and act accordingly. A British ship was also present, ostensibly to observe the actions of the other nations during the Samoan upheavals.
During the days preceding the cyclone of March 15, increasing signs were visible of the impending disaster. March was cyclone season in this area, and Apia had been hit by a cyclone just three years previously, which the captains of the ships heard about from local people, especially as the weather began to change and the atmospheric pressure began to fall. The captains were experienced Pacific seamen, as were many members of their crews, and they all saw the approaching signs of impending disaster, just as they knew that the only chance they had of riding out the winds was to take to the open sea.
Apia is an exposed harbour, unprotected by high ground or an enclosing reef. The northern part of the harbour is open to the Pacific, and thus wind and waves can sweep through the area and drive any shipping which remained in the bay onto the reefs at the Southern end, or toss them right up the beach. However, even though the officers of the various navies were well aware of the necessary procedures in the face of such a threat, none made a move. This has been attributed to jingoism or national pride; none of the men in the harbour were willing to admit in front of the other nations' navies, that they were afraid of the elements, and so refused to take precautions, and refused to allow the merchant ships which accompanied them to move either, leaving thirteen ships, some larger vessels, at anchor close to one another in Apia harbour.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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